LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Year : 2015 | Volume
: 8 | Issue : 2 | Page : 274--275
The most frequent parasites in HIV-infected patients in Asia and Africa
Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi1, Jamshid Ayatollahi1, Marzieh Lotfi2, Mohammad Sadegh Raeeszadeh3,
1 Department of Infectious Diseases,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Yazd, Iran
2 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Correspondence Address:
Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd
Iran
How to cite this article:
Shahcheraghi SH, Ayatollahi J, Lotfi M, Raeeszadeh MS. The most frequent parasites in HIV-infected patients in Asia and Africa.Med J DY Patil Univ 2015;8:274-275
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How to cite this URL:
Shahcheraghi SH, Ayatollahi J, Lotfi M, Raeeszadeh MS. The most frequent parasites in HIV-infected patients in Asia and Africa. Med J DY Patil Univ [serial online] 2015 [cited 2023 Sep 27 ];8:274-275
Available from: https://journals.lww.com/mjdy/pages/default.aspx/text.asp?2015/8/2/274/153188 |
Full Text
Sir,
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is acquired by infection with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV). The cause of the disease is a virus from the retrovirus class in humans. HIV/AIDS ranks among the most dreaded diseases afflicting mankind, causing dysfunction of the immune system and resulting in overwhelming and fatal opportunistic infections. [1],[2]
Diarrhea is one of the most common presenting complaints in HIV-infected patients. [2] There are varieties of methods to find parasites in stool samples, such as the method that stool samples obtain from each patient and parasites are examined by direct, formol-ether and modified Ziehl - Neelsen stain for Cryptosporidium spp. and I. belli. [2]
The species-specific prevalence among HIV positives in China was as follows: 3.6% for hookworm, 0.7% for Trichuris trichiura, 0% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 0.3% for Clonorchis sinensis, 1.3% for Giardia intestinalis, 16.2% for Blastocystis hominis, 1.7% for Entamoeba spp. and 8.3% for Cryptosporidium spp. [3]
Cryptosporidium (4.9%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (4.5%) and Giardia duodenalis (1.9%) were the most frequent single infections in Indonesia, but Blastocystis hominis (72.4%) was the most commonly occurring protist. [4]
The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in HIV patients is high in Chennai, India, especially at CD4 <1000/μL, with I. belli infection being the most common. [5]
The results showed that the infection with Cryptosporidium in AIDS patients had the highest prevalence (9.4%) related to parasites identified among HIV-infected individuals in Iran. [6]
There is a high burden of infection with Cryptosporidium spp. among HIV-infected individuals in southern Ethiopia, but that of I. belli is low. [7]
Parasites identified in Kenya were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (58.3%), Giardia lamblia (16.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (8.6%), Entamoeba coli (5.9%), Taenia saginata (5.3%), Trichuris trichuria (1.9%), Enterobius vermicularis (1.9%) and hookworm (1.3%). [8]
In Cameroon, the most frequent pathogens were Candida spp. (14.9%), Cryptosporidium spp. (7.5%), Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar (3%). [9]
References
| 1 | Iroezindu MO, Agaba EI, Okeke EN, Daniyam CA, Obaseki DO, Isa SE, et al. Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in adult HIV-infected patients in Jos, North-central Nigeria. Niger J Med 2012;21:209-13. |
| 2 | Shimelis T, Tadesse E. Performance evaluation of point-of-care test for detection of Cryptosporidium stool antigen in children and HIV infected adults. Parasit Vectors 2014;7:227. |
| 3 | Tian LG, Chen JX, Wang TP, Cheng GJ, Steinmann P, Wang FF, et al. Co-infection of HIV and intestinal parasites in rural area of China. Parasit Vectors 2012;5:36. |
| 4 | Kurniawan A, Karyadi T, Dwintasari SW, Sari IP, Yunihastuti E, Djauzi S, et al. Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with diarrhoea in Jakarta, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009;103:892-8. |
| 5 | Janagond AB, Sasikala G, Agatha D, Ravinder T, Thenmozhivalli PR. Enteric Parasitic Infections in Relation to Diarrhoea in HIV Infected Individuals with CD4 T Cell Counts <1000 Cells/μl in Chennai, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7:2160-2. |
| 6 | Daryani A, Sharif M, Meigouni M, Mahmoudi FB, Rafiei A, Gholami SH, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and profile of CD4+ counts in HIV+/AIDS people in north of Iran, 2007-2008. Pak J Biol Sci 2009;12:1277-81. |
| 7 | Girma M, Teshome W, Petros B, Endeshaw T. Cryptosporidiosis and Isosporiasis among HIV-positive individuals in south Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:100. |
| 8 | Kipyegen CK, Shivairo RS, Odhiambo RO. Prevalence of intestinal parasites among HIV patients in Baringo, Kenya. Pan Afr Med J 2012;13:37. |
| 9 | Lehman LG, Kangam L, Mbenoun ML, Zemo Nguepi E, Essomba N, Tonga C, et al. Intestinal parasitic and candida infection associated with HIV infection in Cameroon. J Infect Dev Ctries 2013;7:137-43. |
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